Abstract
The central question of this study is to examine whether the appreciation of dark humour depends more on the participants' Need For Humour (NFH) than on their gender. Dark humour jokes were selected on various topics (i.e., death, disease, victim suffering, alteration of body integrity) to be evaluated by men and women in terms of their understanding, funniness, the willingness to share them on social media platforms and the emotions they evoked (i.e., amusement and disgust). These participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire usually used to score their need for humour (i.e., high versus low in NFH). The main results show that participants' need for humour (rather than their gender) determines their appreciation of dark humour and their willingness to share this type of content on social media platforms. These results deepen the understanding of inter-individual differences in the appreciation of dark humour, emphasizing the importance of the need for humour over that one related to gender differences. Another contribution of this study relies on highlighting the value of comparing personal and interpersonal measures when considering the appreciation of dark humour. In addition, the emotional response to dark humour also shed light on the appreciation process in its interpersonal aspect (i.e., sharing dark humour contents on social media platforms). Overall, the findings underscore the need to go beyond gender as an explanatory factor, emphasizing that individual’s traits such as NFH better account for variations in dark humour appreciation.
References
Aillaud, M., & Piolat, A. (2012). Influence of gender on judgment on dark and nondark humor. Individual Differences Research, 10, 211-222. Retrieved form: https://kipdf.com/influence-of-gender-on-judgment-of-dark-and-nondark-humor_5b0355718ead0e1b038b458c.html
Aillaud, M., & Piolat, A. (2014). Nature du lexique émotionnel produit en situation d'appréciation et de rejet de dessins d’humour noir et d’humour non noir. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000019
Bischetti, L., Canal, P., & Bambini, V. (2020). Funny but aversive: A large-scale survey of the emotional response to Covid-19 humor in the Italian population during the lockdown. Lingua, 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102963
Bondarenko, I. (2025). Black humour in Ukrainian war memes: cognitive issues. The European Journal of Humour Research, 13(2), 41-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/EJHR.2025.13.2.932
Brigaud, E., & Blanc, N. (2021). When dark humor and moral judgment meet in sacrificial dilemmas: Preliminary evidence with females. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 17(4), 276–287. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2417
Cao, Y., Hou, Y., Dong, Z., & Ji, L. J. (2023). The Impact of Culture and Social Distance on Humor Appreciation, Sharing, and Production. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 14(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506211065938
Carron, R., Blanc, N., & Brigaud, E. (2024). Humour in trolley problems and other sacrificial dilemmas: killing is not funny at all. Cognition and Emotion, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2426674
Casu, G., & Gremigni, P. (2012). Humor measurement. In Gremigni, P. (Ed). Humor and health promotion (pp. 253-274). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
Charaudeau, P. (2006). Des catégories pour l'humour? Questions de Communication, 10, 19–41. https://doi.org/10.4000/questionsdecommunication.7688
Chen-Xia, X. J., Betancor, V., Chas, A., & Rodríguez-Pérez, A. (2022). Gender inequality in incivility: Everyone should be polite, but it is fine for some of us to be impolite. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 966045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.966045
Cline, T. W., Altsech, M. B., & Kellaris, J. J. (2003). When does humor enhance or inhibit ad responses: The moderating role of the need for humor. Journal of Advertising, 32, 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2003.10639134
Cline, T. W., & Kellaris, J. J. (2007) The influence of humor strength and humor-message relatedness on advertisement memorability: a dual process model. Journal of Advertising, 36, 55-67. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367360104
Cordellieri, P., Boccia, M., Piccardi, L., Kormakova, D., Stoica, L.V., Ferlazzo, F., Guariglia, C., & Giannini, A.M. (2020). Gender differences in solving moral dilemmas: emotional engagement, care and utilitarian orientation. Psychological Studies, 65, 360 - 369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-020-00573-
Crawford, M., and Gressley, D. (1991). Creativity, caring, and context: women’s and men’s accounts of humor preferences and practices. Psychology of Women Quarterly,15(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb0079
Creissen, S., Blanc, N., & Brigaud, E. (2025). Le besoin d’humour des élèves à l’école élémentaire : quels effets sur la compréhension et l’appréciation d’une bande dessinée? Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation, 48(3), 1134-1161. https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.6643
Dynel, M., & Poppi, F. I. (2018). In tragoedia risus: Analysis of dark humour in post-terrorist attack discourse. Discourse & Communication, 12(4), 382-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481318757777
Evans J. B. (2023). Gender and humor. Current Opinion in Psychology, 54, 101719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101719
Franchin, L., Osler, G., Frizzera, M., Geraci, A., Surian, L., & Hadjichristidis, C. (2023). Smiling at moral misbehaviors: the effect of violation benignness and psychological distance. Motivation and Emotion, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10028-z
Gibson, J. M. (2019). An introduction to the psychology of humor. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429000959
Greengross, G., Silvia, P.J., & Nusbaum, E.C. (2020). Sex differences in humor production ability: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103886
Hemenover, S. H., & Schimmack, U. (2007). That's disgusting!..., but very amusing: Mixed feelings of amusement and disgust. Cognition and Emotion, 21(5), 1102–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930601057037
Herzog, T. R., & Anderson, M. R. (2000). Joke cruelty, emotional responsiveness, and joke appreciation. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 13(3), 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2000.13.3.333
Herzog T. R, & Bush B. A. (1994) The prediction of preference for sick humour. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 7, 323-340. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1994.7.4.323
Herzog, T. R., & Karafa, J. A. (1998). Preferences for sick versus nonsick humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 11(3), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1998.11.3.291
Hooper, J., Sharpe, D., & Roberts, S. G. B. (2016). Are men funnier than women, or do we just think they are? Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000064
Hofmann, J., Platt, T., Lau, C. et al. (2023). Gender differences in humor-related traits, humor appreciation, production, comprehension, (neural) responses, use, and correlates: A systematic review. Current Psychology, 42, 16451–1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00724-1
Martin, R. A. (1998). Approaches to the sense of humor: A historical review. In W. Ruch (Ed.), The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (pp. 15–60). Walter de Gruyter & Co. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110804607.15
Martin, R. A. (2003). Sense of humor. In S. J. Lopez, & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 313–326). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10612-020
McGraw, A. P., & Warren, C. (2010). Benign violations: Making immoral behavior funny. Psychological Science, 21(8), 1141– 1149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610376073
McGraw, A. P., Warren, C., Williams, L. E., & Leonard, B. (2012). Too close for comfort, or too far to care? Finding humor in distant tragedies and close mishaps. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1215–1223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612443831
Mickes, L., Walker, D., Parris, J., Mankoff, R., & Christenfeld, N. (2012). Who’s funny: Gender stereotypes, humor production, and memory bias. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 108–112. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0161-2
Nevo, O., Nevo, B., & Yin, J. L. (2001). Singaporean humor: A cross-cultural, cross-gender comparison. Journal of General Psychology, 128, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221300109598904
Platas-García, A., Reyes-Meza, V., & Castro-Manzano, J.-M. (2023). Jokes in Italian as a foreign language: comprehension, funniness, and sharing. The European Journal of Humour Research, 10(4), 19-37. https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR.2022.10.4.658
Ponzoni, A., Argimon, I. I. L., Moret-Tatay, M. C., Giannini, A. M., & Cordellieri, P. (2024). Acceptability and emotional states in moral dilemmas across sex: a cross-cultural analysis. Avaliação Psicológica, 22(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2023.2204.25062.05
Ruch, W., & Kohler, G. (1998). A temperament approach to humor. In W. Ruch (Ed.). The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (pp. 203–230). Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110804607-011
Saroglou, V., & Anciaux, L. (2004). Liking sick humor: Coping styles and religion as predictors. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 17(3), 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2004.012
Tosun, S., Faghihi, N., & Vaid, J. (2018). Is an ideal sense of humor gendered? A cross-national study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 199. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00199
Voisey, S., & Heintz, S. (2024). Do dark humour users have dark tendencies? relationships Between dark humour, the dark tetrad, and online trolling. Behavioral Sciences, 14(6), 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14060493
Warren, C., Barsky, A., & McGraw, A. P. (2021). What makes things funny? An integrative review of the antecedents of laughter and amusement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 25 (1), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868320961909
Willinger, U., Hergovich, A., Schmoeger, M., Deckert, M., Stoettner, S., Bunda, I., Witting, A., Seidler, M., Moser, R., Kacena, S., Jaeckle, D., Loader, B., Mueller, C., & Auff, E. (2017). Cognitive and emotional demands of black humour processing: the role of intelligence, aggressiveness and mood. Cognitive Processing, 18, 159 - 167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-016-0789-y
Yeo, S. K., Su, L. Y.-F., Cacciatore, M. A., McKasy, M., & Qian, S. (2020). Predicting intentions to engage with scientific messages on Twitter: The roles of mirth and Need for Humor. Science Communication, 42(4),481- 507. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547020942512

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 The European Journal of Humour Research
